How do clinicians screen for weight-related health conditions someone might not realize they have?

Mostly through routine screening built into a general checkup. Blood pressure checks, bloodwork for blood sugar and cholesterol, questions about sleep quality and snoring (a flag for sleep apnea), and sometimes joint or mobility questions. A lot of these conditions (prediabetes, high blood pressure, early sleep apnea) are genuinely silent in the early stages, which is part of why routine screening matters more than waiting for noticeable symptoms. References: https://obesitycanada.ca/healthcare-professionals/adult-clinical-practice-guideline/