Does something like PCOS increase type 2 diabetes risk independent of weight?

Yes. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance as a core feature of the condition itself, independent of body weight, which is part of why people with PCOS face elevated type 2 diabetes risk even at a "normalBMI. It's one of the conditions clinicians are encouraged to screen for when evaluating unexplained weight gain or metabolic symptoms, precisely because it can drive diabetes risk through a different pathway than diet or overall weight alone. References: https://obesitycanada.ca/healthcare-professionals/adult-clinical-practice-guideline/ https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/GuideLines/media/Docs/Quick%20Reference%20Guide/2024-CPG-Quick-Reference-Guide.pdf